TENSES

                                    TENSES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TENSES

·       Present Tense

1- Present Indefinite Tense

2- Present Continuous Tense

3- Present Perfect Tense

4- Present Perfect Continuous Tense

·       Past Tense

1- Past Indefinite Tense

2- Past Continuous Tense

3- Past Perfect Tense

4- Past Perfect Continuous Tense

·       Future Tense

1- Future Indefinite Tense

2- Future Continuous Tense

3- Future Perfect Tense

4- Future Perfect Continuous Tense

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

TENSE: A grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time.

PRESENT TENSE: The verb tense expressing action in the present time.

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE: It is used to express an action in present time, habitual or usual actions or daily event or universal fact. It is used to express an action in present time which is usually done on a regular basis. For example a student says, “I go to school”. It is a daily activity of a student to go to school, so such actions are expressed by present simple tense. Another example is, “I work in a factory”. It tells about a usual action of a person that he works in a factory on regular basis.

Rules: 1st form of verb or base verb is used as main verb in sentence

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + 1st form of verb (or base verb) + Object

Note: If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun” then “s” or “es” is added to the first form of verb or base form in the sentence.

Negative Sentences:

Subject + Do not/Does not + 1st form of verb (or base form) + object

Note: In negative sentence auxiliary verb “do or does” along with “not” is used. If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun”, then “Does not” is used after subject in sentence. If subject is “I, we, they, you or plural” then “Do not” is used after subject in sentence. “s” or “es” is not added to main verb in negative sentence.

Interrogative Sentence:
Do/Does + Subject + 1st for of verb (or base verb) + Object?

Note: If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun” the sentence is started with Auxiliary verb “Does”. If the subject in a sentence is “I, we, they, you or plural” the sentence is started with auxiliary verb “Do”. “s” or “es” is not added to main verb in Interrogative sentence.

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Do/Does + Subject + not +1st for of verb (or base verb) + Object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after every subject.

           

Present Indefinite Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I write a letter.	I do not write a letter.	Do I write a letter?	Do I not write a letter?
We throw a ball.	We do not throw a ball.	Do we throw a ball?	Do we not throw a ball?
He drinks milk.	He does not drink milk.	Does he drink milk?	Does he not drink milk?
She sews clothes.	She does not sew clothes.	Does she sew clothes?	Does she not sew clothes?
It runs fast.	It does not run fast.	Does it run fast?	Does it not run fast?
Aslam walks slowly.	Aslam does not walk slowly.	Does Aslam walk slowly?	Does Aslam not walk slowly?
You play cricket.	You do not play cricket.	Do you play cricket?	Do you not play cricket?
They work hard.	They do not work hard.	Do they work hard?	Do they work hard?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: It is used to express a continued or ongoing action at present time. It expresses an action which is in progress at the time of speaking. For example, a person says, “I am writing a letter”. It means that he is in the process of writing a letter right now. Such actions which are happening at time of speaking are expressed by present continuous tense. Present Continuous tense is also called Present progressive tense.

Rules: Auxiliary verb “am or is or are” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb or base verb + ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + am/is/are + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object

Note: If the subject is “I” then auxiliary verb “am” is used after subject in sentence.
If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then auxiliary verb “is” is used after subject in sentence. If subject is “You, They or plural” then auxiliary verb “are” is used after subject in sentence. The participle “ing” is added to the 1st form of verb.

Negative Sentences:

Subject + am/is/are + not + (1st form of verb + ing) + object

Note: Rules for using auxiliary verbs (am or is or are) after subject in negative sentences are same as mentioned above.

Interrogative Sentence:
Am/is/are + Subject + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object?

Note: For making interrogative sentences, the sentence is started with auxiliary verb rather than putting auxiliary verb inside the sentence. If the subject is “I” the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “am”. If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “is”. If subject is “You, They or plural” the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “are”.

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Am/is/are + Subject + not+ (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after subject.

           

Present Continuous Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I am writing a letter.	I am not writing a letter.	Am I writing a letter?	Am I not writing a letter?
We are throwing a ball.	We are not throwing a ball.	Are we throwing a ball?	Are we not throwing a ball?
He is drinking milk.	He is not drinking milk.	Is he drinking milk?	Is he not drinking milk?
She is sewing clothes.	She is not sewing clothes.	Is she sewing clothes?	Is she not sewing clothes?
It is running fast.	It is not running fast.	Is it running fast?	Is it not running fast?
Aslam is walking slowly.	Aslam is not walking slowly.	Is Aslam walking slowly?	Is Aslam not walking slowly?
You are playing cricket.	You are not playing cricket.	Are you playing cricket?	Are you not playing cricket?
They are working hard.	They are not working hard.	Are they working hard?	Are they not working hard?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: It is used to express an action which happened or completed in past but usually the action which happened or completed at a short time before now (near past) not a very long time before now. Specific time such as two years ago, last week or that day is usually not used in the sentences of in this tense. It means that this tense expresses the action whose time when it happened, is not exactly specified but it sounds to refer to some action that happened or completed in near past.

Rules: Auxiliary verb “has or have” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + has/have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject

Note: If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then auxiliary verb “has” is used after subject in sentence. If subject is “You, They or plural” then auxiliary verb “have” is used after subject in sentence.

Negative Sentences:

Subject + has/have + NOT + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject

Note: Rules for using auxiliary verb “has or have” in negative sentence are same as mentioned above.

Interrogative Sentence:
Has/have + Subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject?

Note: Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb. If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “has”.
If subject is “You, They or plural” then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “have”.

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Has/have + Subject + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after every subject.

           

Present Perfect Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I have written a letter.	I have not written a letter.	Have I written a letter?	Have I not written a letter?
We have thrown a ball.	We have not thrown a ball.	HHave we thrown a ball?	HHave we not thrown a ball?
He has drunk milk.	He has not drunk milk.	Has he drunk milk?	Has he not drunk milk?
She has sewed clothes.	She has not sewed clothes.	Has she sewed clothes?	Has she not sewed clothes?
It has run fast.	It has not run fast.	Has it run fast?	Has it not run fast?
Aslam has walked slowly.	Aslam has not walked slowly.	Has Aslam walked slowly?	Has Aslam not walked slowly?
You have played cricket.	You have not played cricket.	Have you played cricket?	Have you not played cricket?
They have worked hard.	They have not worked hard.	Have they worked hard?	Have they not worked hard?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE: It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that started in past and is continued until now.

Note: If there is not time reference or sense of time reference then it is not Present perfect continuous tense because there is no hint about the time of action when it started in past and it seems just an ongoing action at present time which resembles “present Continuous tense. So the reference of time differentiates between Present perfect continuous tense and Present continuous tense.

Rules: An auxiliary verb “has been or have been” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb (base verb) +ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + has been/have been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object

Note: If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then auxiliary verb “has been” is used after subject in sentence. If subject is “You, They or plural” then auxiliary verb “have been” is used after subject in sentence.

Negative Sentences:

Subject + has not been/have not been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object 

Note: To make negative sentence, the word “not” is written between the auxiliary verbs, so it becomes like “has not been or have not been”. The rule for using auxiliary verb “has been or have been” in negative sentences is as same as mentioned above.

Interrogative Sentence:
Has/have + Subject + been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object?

Note: Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb. If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “has” and auxiliary verb “been” is used after subject. If subject is “You, They or plural” then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “have” and “been” is used after subject

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Has/have + Subject +not+ been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after every subject.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I have been writing a letter.	I have not been writing a letter.	Have I been writing a letter?	Have I not been writing a letter?
We have been throwing a ball.	We have not been throwing a ball.	Have we been throwing a ball?	Have we not been throwing a ball?
He has been drinking milk.	He has not been drinking milk.	Has he been drinking milk?	Has he not been drinking milk?
She has been sewing clothes.	She has not been sewing clothes.	Has she been sewing clothes?	Has she not been sewing clothes?
It has been running fast.	It has not been running fast.	Has it been running fast?	Has it not been running fast?
Aslam has been walking slowly.	Aslam has not been walking slowly.	Has Aslam been walking slowly?	Has Aslam not been walking slowly?
You have been playing cricket.	You have not been playing cricket.	Have you been playing cricket?	Have you not been playing cricket?
They have been working hard.	They have not been working hard.	Have they been working hard?	Have they not been working hard?

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE: It is used to express an action that happened or completed in past, usually a very little time before speaking, or action which is just completed. Time of action is not specified in terms of long time ago or short ago but it make a sense that the action has done a little time ago. For example, a person says, “I watched a movie”, it means the speaker of this sentence watched a movie a little time ago or little time ago in the same day. 

Rules: 2nd form of verb (past simple) is used as main verb in the positive sentences and base form is used in negative and interrogative sentences.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + 2nd form of verb (past simple) + object

Negative Sentences:

Subject + did not + 1st form of verb or base form + object

Note: In negative sentence “did not” is written and the 1st form of verb (base verb) is used instead of using 2nd form (or past simple verb).

Interrogative Sentence:
Did + subject + 1st form of verb (or base verb) + object?

Note: Interrogative sentence starts with “did” and the 1st form of verb (base verb) is used instead of using 2nd form (or past simple verb).

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Did + subject + 1st form of verb (or base verb) + object?     

Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after subject.

           

Past Indefinite Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I wrote a letter.	I did not write a letter.	Did I write a letter?	Did I not write a letter?
We threw a ball.	We did not throw a ball.	Did we throw a ball?	Did we not throw a ball?
He drank milk.	He did not drink milk.	Did he drink milk?	Did he not drink milk?
She sewed clothes.	She did not sew clothes.	Did she sew clothes?	Did she not sew clothes?
It ran fast.	It did not run fast.	Did it run fast?	Did it not run fast?
Aslam walked slowly.	Aslam did not walk slowly.	Did Aslam walk slowly?	Did Aslam not walk slowly?
You played cricket.	You did not play cricket.	Did you play cricket?	Did you not play cricket?
They worked hard.	They did not work hard.	Did they work hard?	Did they work hard?

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: It is used to express a continued or ongoing action in past, an ongoing action which occurred in past and completed at some point in past. It expresses an ongoing nature of an action in past.  For example, “he was laughing.” This sentence shows ongoing action (laughing) of a person which occurred in past. Past continuous tense is also called past progressive.

Rules: Auxiliary verb “was or were” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb or base verb + ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + was/were + (1st form of verb or base verb +ing) +object

Note: If the subject is “he, she, It, I, singular or proper noun” then auxiliary verb “was” is used. If subject is “you, we, they or plural” then auxiliary verb “were” is used.

Negative Sentences:

Subject + was/were + NOT + (1st form of verb or base verb +ing) +object

Note: Rules for using auxiliary verb after subject are same as mentioned above

Interrogative Sentence:

Was/were + Subject + (1st form of verb or base verb +ing) +object?

Note: The interrogative sentence starts with the auxiliary verb. If the subject is “he, she, It, I, singular or proper noun” then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “was”. If subject is “you, we, they or plural” then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “were”.

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Was/were + Subject +not + (1st form of verb or base verb +ing) +object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after subject.

           

Past Continuous Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I was writing a letter.	I was not writing a letter.	Was I writing a letter?	Was I not writing a letter?
We were throwing a ball.	We were not throwing a ball.	Were we throwing a ball?	Were we not throwing a ball?
He was drinking milk.	He was not drinking milk.	Was he drinking milk?	Was he not drinking milk?
She was sewing clothes.	She was not sewing clothes.	Was she sewing clothes?	Was she not sewing clothes?
It was running fast.	It was not running fast.	Was it running fast?	Was it not running fast?
Aslam was walking slowly.	Aslam was not walking slowly.	Was Aslam walking slowly?	Was Aslam not walking slowly?
You were playing cricket.	You were not playing cricket.	Were you playing cricket?	Were you not playing cricket?
They were working hard.	They were not working hard.	Were they working hard?	Were they not working hard?

                            

PAST PERFECT TENSE

PAST PERFECT TENSE: It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. 

The students had gone before the teacher came.  (The first part of sentence “The student has gone” is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which occurred before another action in past which is “the teacher came”. The second part “the teacher came” is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part of sentence is past perfect tense)  

Rules: Auxiliary verb “had” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is used as main verb in sentence

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PAST PERFECT TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Negative Sentences:

Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Note: “Not” is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.

Interrogative Sentence:
Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object?

Note:  Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had”.

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Had + subject + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after subject.

           

Past Perfect Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I had written a letter.	I had not written a letter.	Had I written a letter?	Had I not written a letter?
We had thrown a ball.	We had not thrown a ball.	HHad we thrown a ball?	HHad we not thrown a ball?
He had drunk milk.	He had not drunk milk.	Had he drunk milk?	Had he not drunk milk?
She had sewed clothes.	She had not sewed clothes.	Had she sewed clothes?	Had she not sewed clothes?
It had run fast.	It had not run fast.	Had it run fast?	Had it not run fast?
Aslam had walked slowly.	Aslam had not walked slowly.	Had Aslam walked slowly?	Had Aslam not walked slowly?
You had played cricket.	You had not played cricket.	Had you played cricket?	Had you not played cricket?
They had worked hard.	They had not worked hard.	Had they worked hard?	Had they not worked hard?

                  

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE: It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that started in past and continued until sometime in past. (Remember, an ongoing action in past which continued till some time in past).

Note: If there is not time reference or sense of time reference, then it is not Past perfect continuous tense because there is no hint about the time of action when it started in past or continued for some time period, so it seems just an ongoing action in past which resembles “past Continuous tense”. So the reference of time differentiates between Past perfect continuous tense and past continuous tense.

Rules: An auxiliary verb “had been” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb (base verb) +ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + had been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object

Note: If the subject is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” then auxiliary verb “has been” is used after subject in sentence. If subject is “You, They or plural” then auxiliary verb “have been” is used after subject in sentence.

Negative Sentences:

Subject + had not been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object

Note: To make negative sentence, the word “not” is added inside auxiliary verb, so it becomes “had not been”.

Interrogative Sentence:
Had + Subject +  been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object?

Note: Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” and auxiliary verb “been” is used after subject in sentence.

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Had + Subject +not+ been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after every subject.

           

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I had been writing a letter.	I had not been writing a letter.	Had I been writing a letter?	Had I not been writing a letter?
We had been throwing a ball.	We had not been throwing a ball.	Had we been throwing a ball?	Had we not been throwing a ball?
He had been drinking milk.	He had not been drinking milk.	Had he been drinking milk?	Had he not been drinking milk?
She had been sewing clothes.	She had not been sewing clothes.	Had she been sewing clothes?	Had she not been sewing clothes?
It had been running fast.	It had not been running fast.	Had it been running fast?	Had it not been running fast?
Aslam had been walking slowly.	Aslam had not been walking slowly.	Had Aslam been walking slowly?	Had Aslam not been walking slowly?
You had been playing cricket.	You had not been playing cricket.	Had you been playing cricket?	Had you not been playing cricket?
They had been working hard.	They had not been working hard.	Had they been working hard?	Had they not been working hard?

FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE

FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE: It is used to express an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after saying or in future. For example, “I shall go to zoo tomorrow”, in this sentence the person intend for tomorrow’s visit to zoo. In short, these sentences express actions which will be done in future.

Rules: Auxiliary verbs “will/shall” are used in sentence. 1st form of verb or base form is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + shall/will + (1st form of verb or base form) + object 

Negative Sentences:

Subject + shall/will +not + (1st form of verb or base form) + object

Note: To make negative sentence “not” is written after auxiliary verb in sentence.

Interrogative Sentence:
shall/Will + subject + (1st form of verb or base form) + object?

Note: Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “will”

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Shall/Will + subject + not + (1st form of verb or base form) + object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after subject.

           

Future Indefinite Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I shall write a letter.	I shall not write a letter.	Shall I write a letter?	Shall I not write a letter?
We shall throw a ball.	We shall not throw a ball.	Shall we throw a ball?	Shall we not throw a ball?
He will drink milk.	He will not drink milk.	Will he drink milk?	Will he not drink milk?
She will sew clothes.	She will not sew clothes.	Will she sew clothes?	Will she not sew clothes?
It will run fast.	It will not run fast.	Will it run fast?	Will it not run fast?
Aslam will walk slowly.	Aslam will not walk slowly.	Will Aslam walk slowly?	Will Aslam not walk slowly?
You will play cricket.	You will not play cricket.	Will you play cricket?	Will you not play cricket?
They will work hard.	They will not work hard.	Will they work hard?	Will they work hard?

                     

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE: It is used to express a continued or an ongoing action in future. For example, “I will be waiting for you tomorrow”, it conveys ongoing nature of an action (waiting) which will occur in future.

Rules:  Auxiliary verbs “will be/shall be” are used in sentence. 1st form of verb + ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + will/Shall + be + (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

Negative Sentences:

Subject + will/Shall +not +be+ (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

Note: To make negative sentence “not” is written between auxiliary verbs “will and be” in sentence.

Interrogative Sentence:
Will/shall + subject + be+ 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present participle) + object?

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Will/shall + subject + not + be+ 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present participle) + object?

            Note: This type is same in rules with interrogative but “not” is added after subject.

           

Future Continuous Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I shall be writing a letter.	I shall not be writing a letter.	Shall I be writing a letter?	Shall I not be writing a letter?
We shall be throwing a ball.	We shall not be throwing a ball.	Shall we be throwing a ball?	Shall we not be throwing a ball?
He will be drinking milk.	He will not be drinking milk.	Will he be drinking milk?	Will he not be drinking milk?
She will be sewing clothes.	She will not be sewing clothes.	Will she be sewing clothes?	Will she not be sewing clothes?
It will be running fast.	It will not be running fast.	Will it be running fast?	Will it not be running fast?
Aslam will be walking slowly.	Aslam will not be walking slowly.	Will Aslam be walking slowly?	Will Aslam not be walking slowly?
You will be playing cricket.	You will not be playing cricket.	Will you be playing cricket?	Will you not be playing cricket?
They will be working hard.	They will not be working hard.	Will they be working hard?	Will they not be working hard?

                      

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be completed in future. It expresses a sense of completion of an action which will occur in future. For example, “John will have gone tomorrow”. It shows a sense of completion of an action (go) which will occur in future (tomorrow).

Rules: Auxiliary verb “will/shall have” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb or past participle form of verb is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + will/shall have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Negative Sentences:

Subject + will/shall not have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Interrogative Sentence:
Will/shall + Subject +have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object?

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Will/shall + Subject +have+ not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object?

           

Future Perfect Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I shall have written a letter.	I shall not have written a letter.	Shall I have written a letter?	Shall I not have written a letter?
We shall have thrown a ball.	We shall not have thrown a ball.	HShall we have thrown a ball?	HShall we not have thrown a ball?
He will have drunk milk.	He will not have drunk milk.	Will he have drunk milk?	Will he not have drunk milk?
She will have sewed clothes.	She will not have sewed clothes.	Will she have sewed clothes?	Will she not have sewed clothes?
It will have run fast.	It will not have run fast.	Will it have run fast?	Will it not have run fast?
Aslam will have walked slowly.	Aslam will not have walked slowly.	Will Aslam have walked slowly?	Will Aslam not have walked slowly?
You will have played cricket.	You will not have played cricket.	Will you have played cricket?	Will you not have played cricket?
They will have worked hard.	They will not have worked hard.	Will they have worked hard?	Will they not have worked hard?

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE: It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that will start in future and is thought to be continued till sometime in future. (Remember, an ongoing action in future which will continue till some time in future).

Note: If there is not time reference or sense of time reference then it is not future perfect continuous tense because there is no hint about the time of action when it will start in future and it seems just an ongoing action in future which resembles “future Continuous tense. So the reference of time differentiates between Future perfect continuous tense between future continuous tense.

Rules: An auxiliary verb “will/Shall have been” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb (base verb) +ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES IN FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Affirmative Sentence:

Subject + will/shall have been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object

Negative Sentences:

Subject + will/shall not have been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object

Note: To make negative sentence, the word “not” is added inside auxiliary verb, so it becomes “will not have been”.

Interrogative Sentence:
Will/Shall + Subject + have been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object + time    reference?

Note: Will + Subject + have been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object

Interrogative-Negative Sentence:

Will/Shall + Subject + have not been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object?

           

           

Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Affirmative Sentence	Negative Sentence	Interrogative Sentence	Interrogative-Negative Sentence
I shall have been writing a letter.	I shall not have been writing a letter.	Shall I have been writing a letter?	Shall I have not been writing a letter?
We shall have been throwing a ball.	We shall not have been throwing a ball.	Shall we have been throwing a ball?	Shall we have not been throwing a ball?
He will have been drinking milk.	He will not have been drinking milk.	Will he have been drinking milk?	Will he have not been drinking milk?
She will have been sewing clothes.	She will not have been sewing clothes.	Will she have been sewing clothes?	Will she have not been sewing clothes?
It will have been running fast.	It will not have been running fast.	Will it have been running fast?	Will it have not been running fast?
Aslam will have been walking slowly.	Aslam will not have been walking slowly.	Will Aslam have been walking slowly?	Will Aslam have not been walking slowly?
You will have been playing cricket.	You will not have been playing cricket.	Will you have been playing cricket?	Will you have not been playing cricket?
They will have been working hard.	They will not have been working hard.	Will they have been working hard?	Will they have not been working hard?